Unusual Malspam campaign targets banks with Microsoft Publisher files

Researchers from Trustwave have uncovered a malspam campaign targeting banks with the FlawedAmmyy RAT.

The peculiarity of this malspam campaign is the unusual use of a Microsoft Office Publisher file to infect victims’ systems.

Experts noticed an anomalous spike in the number of emails with a Microsoft Office Publisher file (a .pub attachment) and the subject line, “Payment Advice,” that was sent to domains belonging to banks.

This campaign is very small but appears to be very focused on banks.

The spam messages contained URLs that downloaded FlawedAmmyy remote-access trojan (RAT), a well-known backdoor.

Another interesting aspect of the campaign is that It was powered by the Necurs botnet.

“This campaign was unusual in the use of .pub files. It also appeared to originate from the Necurs botnet, a notorious botnet responsible for much mass malware distribution in the past,” reads the analysis published by Trustwave.

“Unlike previous mass campaigns, this campaign was small and, interestingly, all of the To: addresses we saw targeted were domains belonging to banks, indicating a desire for the attackers to get a foothold within banks with the FlawedAmmyy RAT.”

When the victims open the pub file, they are prompted to “Enable Macros,” earlier versions of Microsoft Publisher may display instructions to “Enable Editing” and “Enable Content”

When manually opening the Visual Basic Editor (VBA Editor) in Microsoft Publisher and clicking “ThisDocument” in Project Explorer, the VBScript executes a weaponized archive containing the RAT.

“The macro script is triggered with the function Document_Open(). As the name implies, when the file is opened, the script will access a URL and execute a downloaded file.” continues the analysis.

The malicious code leverages control objects in forms to hide the URL from which It downloads the RAT, the URL is stored in the Tag Property.

“By the time we examined the sample, the URL was not accessible anymore, but a little further research indicated this URL was used for downloading a self-extracting archive, which contained the FlawedAmmyy RAT,” researchers said.

In July, Proofpoint uncovered another massive malspam campaign delivering the FlawedAmmyy RAT that was leveraging emails with weaponized PDF documents containing malicious SettingContent-ms files.

The campaign was attributed to the financially motivated cybercriminal group TA505.

“this campaign was unusual in the use of .pub files. It also appeared to originate from the Necurs botnet, a notorious botnet responsible for much mass malware distribution in the past (see here and here).” concludes Trustwave.

“Unlike previous mass campaigns, this campaign was small and, interestingly, all of the To: addresses we saw targeted were domains belonging to banks, indicating a desire for the attackers to get a foothold within banks with the FlawedAmmyy RAT.” 

Technical details, including the IoCs, are reported in the analysis published by the experts.

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Pierluigi Paganini

(Security Affairs – Malspam, Publisher)

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